Hi Sascha,
Thanks for reaching back out to us. I’ve been in touch with one of our developers regarding the possibility of syncing product categories, however at this time it is still not supported.
We’ve internally discussed some possible solutions for the future, but I cannot make any specific guarantee of when or if this can be implemented. This is due to the fact that this plugin is largely dependant on the API. We here in the Mailchimp for WooCmmerce Support team don’t have any insight on the process of implementing changes to the API that affect all users. However, we can certainly raise this report and help out customers voice be heard by reporting such feedback internally.
In the meantime one possible workaround though may not be ideal is to use Vendors and choose to use a Vendors supported plugin associated with WooCommerce if necessary, we do understand that categories can be multiple vs vendor it may not be a good solution. But worth a try if your needs are minimal.