As far as I know, no plugin can do that, because the upload process for featured images is identical to that for any other image in the post/page.
But, there is a way to do it if you use upload from the post for one type of image, and upload from Media->Add New for the others (like the featured image).
In the batch processor, you get to choose exactly which images get resized, but it still won’t be able to differentiate between a featured image and any other image automatically, because the featured image info is stored on the post rather than the image.
In other words, a post knows if it has a featured image, and which one it is, but the image itself has no data to tell it that it IS a featured image.
